Growth and metabolism of Cell 細胞的生長與代謝

Growth and metabolism

Main articles: 

Cell growth and Metabolism

細胞的生長與代謝

Between successive cell divisions, cells grow through the functioning of cellular metabolism. Cell metabolism is the process
by which individual cells process nutrient molecules.
在不間段的細胞分部中，細胞透過功能性的細胞代謝來生長，所有細胞代謝就是透過各細胞處理營養分子的過程。
Metabolism has two distinct divisions: catabolism, in which the cell breaks down complex molecules to produce energy and reducing power,
代謝有兩種區分
分解代謝：細胞會分解複合分子來產生能量及減少力量
and anabolism,in which the cell uses energy and reducing power to construct complex molecules and perform other biological functions.
 合成代謝：細胞利用能量及減少力量來建造複合分子並表現其他的生物功能。
Complex sugars consumed by the organism can be broken down into a less chemically complex sugar molecule called glucose.
複合糖被有機體吸收後可以被分解成較小的化學複合糖分子稱為：葡萄糖
Once inside the cell, glucose is broken down to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a form of energy, through two different pathways.
一旦進入細胞，葡萄糖會經過兩種路徑被分解成ATP型態的能量。
The first pathway, glycolysis, requires no oxygen and is referred to as anaerobic metabolism. Each reaction is designed to produce some hydrogen ions that can then be used to make energy packets (ATP). In prokaryotes, glycolysis is the only method used for converting energy.
第一種路徑稱為：糖解作用，這裡不需要氧的參與又被稱為無氧代謝，這個反應是被用來產生些需氫離子來製造ATP，原核生物中醣效解釋唯一還原能量的方式。

The second pathway, called the Krebs cycle, or citric acid cycle, occurs inside the mitochondria and can generate enough ATP to run all the cell functions.
第二種路徑稱之為 克勞伯循環或是檸檬酸循環
是發生在細胞裡的粒線體裡，他可以產生運作細胞功能的所有能量。